Epidemiology:
- Very common worldwide; affects majority of adults at some point.
- Higher prevalence in individuals with poor oral hygiene, smokers, diabetics, and immunocompromised patients.
Expected Prognosis:
- Good if treated early with proper oral hygiene and professional cleaning.
- Reversible in early stages; untreated cases may progress to periodontitis.
Natural Progression:
- Plaque buildup → gingival irritation → redness, swelling, bleeding on brushing/flossing.
- Without treatment, inflammation extends deeper, causing bone loss and periodontal disease.
Pathophysiology:
- Dental plaque bacteria produce toxins → immune-inflammatory response in gingival tissue.
- Vasodilation, increased permeability, and infiltration of inflammatory cells cause swelling and bleeding.
Possible Complications:
- Periodontitis with bone loss.
- Tooth mobility and eventual tooth loss.
- Increased risk for systemic conditions (e.g., cardiovascular disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes).
Frequently Asked Questions
What causes gum inflammation?
Gum inflammation (gingivitis) is mainly caused by plaque buildup, but it can also result from hormonal changes, smoking, or medical conditions like diabetes.
How do I know if my gums are inflamed?
Signs include redness, swelling, tenderness, and bleeding while brushing or flossing.
Can gum inflammation go away on its own?
Mild cases can improve with good oral hygiene, but untreated gingivitis can progress to gum disease.
How is gum inflammation treated?
Brushing, flossing, and professional cleanings help. Severe cases may need deep cleaning (scaling and root planing).
Can gum inflammation lead to tooth loss?
Yes, if left untreated, it can develop into periodontitis, which can cause bone loss and loose teeth.
Gum Inflammation can be an adverse outcome of

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